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1. Cancertame Ayurvedic Formulation
2. What is Chemotherapy?
3. What is Radiotherapy?
4. Role of Ayurveda in Cancer Treatment
5. Genesis of Cancer
6. Early Detection of Cancer
7. Diet, Nutrition & Cancer
8. Tobacco Smoking & Cancer
9. Conventional Treatment of Cancer
10. Soft Tissue Sarcoma
11. Mesothelioma
12. Skin Cancer
13. Bone Cancer
14. Leukaemia
15. Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia (CLL)
16. Chronic Myelogenous Leukaemia (CML)
17. Acute Lymphocytic Leukaemia (ALL) & Acute Non-Lymphocytic Leukaemias (ANLL)
18. Acute Myelogenous Leukaemia (AML)
19. Lymphoma
20. Multiple Myeloma
21. Breast Cancer
22. Prostate Cancer
23. Oral Cancer (Carcinoma of the Cheek, Lips & Tongue)
24. Carcinoma of the Salivary Gland
25. Carcinoma of the Paranasal Sinus
26. Carcinoma of Pharynx (Oropharynx, Nasopharynx and Hypopharynx)
27. Carcinoma of the Larynx
28. Brain & Spinal Cord Tumours
29. Primary Tumours of the Brain
30. Metastases in the Brain
31. Carcinoma of the Oesophagus
32. Thyroid Cancer
33. Bronchogenic Carcinoma (Lung Cancer)
34. Secondary Cancers of the Lung
35. Carcinoma of the Stomach
36. Liver Cancer
37. Gallbladder & Biliary Tract Cancer
38. Pancreatic Cancer
39. Kidney Cancer (Renal Cell Carcinoma and Nephroblastoma)
40. Urinary Tract (Transitional Cell Carcinoma) & Bladder Cancer
41. Carcinoma of Colon & Rectum
42. Primary Tumours of the Testis
43. Ovarian Cancer (Stromal, Germ Cell and Krukenberg's Tumour)
44. Carcinoma of Uterus
45. Cervix Cancer
46. Paediatric Cancers
47. AIDS Related Cancers
48. Carcinoma of Unknown Primary Site (CUPS)
49. Role of Nutrition in Cancer Treatment
50. Chinese Medicine in Cancer Treatment
Kidney Cancer (Renal Cell Carcinoma and Nephroblastoma)

 

Renal cell carcinoma:

Renal cell carcinoma is the most common cancer of the kidney, comprising about 75 per cent of the renal cancers. It is also known as hypernephroma and Grawitz tumour. Renal cell carcinoma usually occurs during the age of 50 to 60 years. The incidence is twofold higher in males as compared to females. It mostly affects the people living in urban and industrialised areas. Renal cell carcinoma is an adenocarcinoma, usually arising from the cells of proximal tubules in the renal cortex. The exact cause of renal cell carcinoma is not fully understood. Researchers believe that smoking is linked to about 30 per cent cases of the renal cell carcinoma. It has been observed that the workers of rubber, leather, petroleum, textile, dye, insulation and plastic industries are more likely to develop renal cell carcinoma. Risk factors include obesity and exposure to radiation & chemical carcinogens that might have been inhaled, ingested or produced within the body. Prolonged abuse of analgesics may lead to renal cell carcinoma.


Patients suffering from renal cell carcinoma usually, remain asymptomatic in the early stages of the disease. In advanced stages of the renal cell carcinoma, there may be haematuria (gross or microscopic), pain in the flanks and palpable renal mass. These three signs are collectively known as a classical triad. Other symptoms of renal cell carcinoma include fever (without infection), nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, loss of weight, malaise, lassitude and anaemia. There may be endocrine disturbances, polycythaemia, hypertension, nephrotic syndrome and hypercalcaemia. Varicocele may occur due to occlusion of the renal and the testicular veins. There may be occlusion of the inferior vena cava leading to oedema in the legs. Renal cell carcinoma usually metastasises to the lungs, bones and the para-aortic lymph nodes.


Staging of the renal cell carcinoma is done as follows:

  • In stage I of the renal cell carcinoma, the tumour is localised in the kidney. 
  • In stage II, the tumour invades the perirenal fatty tissue.
  • In stage III, the renal cell carcinoma spreads to regional lymph nodes or the renal vein.
  • In stage IV, the renal cell carcinoma invades the adjacent organs or metastasises to distant organs of the body such as the liver, lungs, bones, brain and the other kidney.
  • Recurrent renal cell carcinoma is the one that reappears after an apparent recovery in response to the initial treatment.


Procedures used in diagnosis and evaluation of the renal cell carcinoma include urine analysis, intravenous pyelography (IVP), intravenous urogram (IVU), renal arteriography, ultrasound, CT scan, MRI and biopsy.

 

Nephroblastoma:

Nephroblastoma (Wilm's tumour) is the second most common cancer of the kidney. It is a fast-growing tumour that usually affects young children during the first decade, especially in the first year of life. Nephroblastoma comprises about 8 per cent of the childhood tumours. It affects boys and girls equally. The exact cause of nephroblastoma is not fully understood. It has been observed that about 10 per cent cases of the nephroblastoma have some kind of congenital abnormality. Researchers believe that there are hereditary and non-hereditary types of nephroblastoma. The hereditary nephroblastoma occurs in younger children and usually affects both the kidneys. The most common symptom of nephroblastoma is a mass in the abdomen. Other symptoms include low-grade fever, loss of appetite, loss of weight, pallor, lethargy and haematuria. Nephroblastoma usually metastasises to the liver, lungs and the bones.


Staging of the nephroblastoma is done as follows:

  • In stage I of the nephroblastoma, the tumour is localised in one of the kidneys that can be completely removed by surgery.
  • In stage II, the tumour extends beyond the kidney but can be completely removed by surgery.
  • In stage III, the tumour extends beyond the kidney and it cannot be completely removed by surgery.
  • In stage IV, the tumour metastasises to distant parts of the body such as the liver, lungs, brain and the bones.
  • In stage V, the tumour affects both the kidneys.
  • Recurrent nephroblastoma is the one that reappears after an apparent recovery in response to the initial treatment.


Procedures used in the diagnosis and evaluation of nephroblastoma include urine analysis, IVP, ureteropyeloscopy, selective renal arteriography, ultrasound, CT scan, MRI and biopsy.

Disclaimer:

This content is for information and educational purposes only and should not be perceived as medical advice. Please consult a certified medical or healthcare professional before making any decision regarding your health using the content above.

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